Environmental Attitude and Today, all these factors and more are conspiring to utterly destabilize the region. Renewal: Human and Environmental Found inside7. 2 The Pilot Zone of the FerIo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7. 2. 1 Geographical Zoning and Administrative Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7. 2. 2 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..Find out more, Perspective – Preparing for the Consequences of Withdrawal from Afghanistan, America’s longest war will come to a symbolic close by September 11th, 2021. Tags: Question 22 . Africaâs Sahel, the semi-arid region that borders on the Sahara desert, is the poorest region of the world. The study also reveals that the closure led to economic hardship for people in border communities, West African sub-region and the Nigerian state at large. I'm working to find a solution. Regional troops deployed through the G ⦠The Sahel and particularly West Africa has, on the other hand, a long his- tory of population movements and represents a multitude of migration patterns and trajectories. Sustainable development is a balance between population and natural resources. National Geographic. Briefing Note - The Case for an Engagement-Focused U.S. Strategy in Cuba, Perspective - Preparing for the Consequences of Withdrawal from Afghanistan, Perspective – The Case for U.S. Strategic Engagement in the Persian Gulf, Briefing Note - Why the United States Needs a National Power Grid, Perspective - National Security Implications of Climate Change in Florida, Perspective – Presidential Views of Climate Change as a National Security Concern, Perspective – Diplomacy in the 21st Century Middle East, Perspective - U.S. Strategy in the South China Sea, Fact Sheet – Nuclear Arsenals of the U.S., Russia, and China, Perspective – Arctic Climate Change: Implications for U.S. National Security, 5 Ways IUU Fishing Threatens National Security, The Need to Prepare for the Consequences of Withdrawal from Afghanistan, Protecting Yourself from Disinformation in 2020, ASP COO Andrew Holland in High North News, U.S. Congress Gives Support for New Fusion Public-Private Partnership. In 2014 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the first, PIP: Web: https://www.copyright.com. Africa: HumanâEnvironment Interaction. Without many rivers to draw water from, groundwater systems are the regionâs main source of fresh water. Pastoralism generally requires The environmental factor considered in the studies is mostly drought. Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from some serious environmental problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, wetland degradation, and insect infestation. 2016, The grazing land ecosystems of the African Sahel‖, Lamprey, K. (1975). For centuries, Lake Chad supported millions in the region’s harsh environment. The United States' foreign policy apparatus is not currently organized properly to deal with the humanitarian, development and security issues of the Sahel. Africa: Sahel Crisis - Answers From Dynamic Demography. West Africaâs Sahelâthe vast zone of semi-arid grasslands that lies south of the Sahara Desertâwas affected more than most regions, with temperatures ⦠threats to global security in several ways: this will definitely lead to more difficulty in food, yield higher numbers, lesser and lesser spaces, will be available for farming as people would, will need lands for grazing and they would want, scarce items (food, land among others). [Back to Resources] Know: Understand: Do: The term desertification refers to the process by which a desert spreads, and the soil loses its Little has been done, however, to address the growing climate security risk in the region. Retrieved December 6, 2019. This paper concludes that none of these theories can independently entirely explain human-environment interaction, but a combination of these theories will undoubtedly provide further insights and possible solutions to the increasing 21st century environmental problems posed by humans and her technology. Tel (toll free): 855/239-3415 (select option 1) E-mail: info@copyright.com. the African Sahel‖. Modern technology and practices, specifically in climate-resistant agriculture and resource management (ex: Administrative presence and capacity focused on. 1. Military exercises are under way in the Sahel region as part of the United States-led Trans-Saharan Counter Terrorism Partnership. The region is also suited to, small-scale water management systems. Land degradation affected the Sahel Region of Africa significantly due to climate change and poor land management. For centuries ago, the climate of the, change. To have an overview of these linkages in northern Africa is particularly important as the region is characterized by both strong vulnerability to climate change and conflicts of varying intensities. The Sahel is engulfed by violence. Arid. As the climate changes, more people will experience food insecurity and fight over resources. The lens of the The Sahel region in Africa has a history of strong climatic variations and irregular rainfall, which is one of the greatest obstacles to food security in the region. More importantly, this book contributes to the knowledge and understanding that are essential for adaptation and remediation, and should be of immense value to all those who want to know more about Africa and who care about the future of ... rises faster than the global average. appeared to have affected the activities of border communities, regional and national economies. Desertification of Africa from the Sahel to the rainforest⢠Desertification- the process of the desert expanding into areas that were formerly farmland.⢠Desertification in the Sahel region has led to increased starvation and poverty.⢠[2] The frequency and severity of these climatic variations, such as flood and drought, are increasing as a result of climate change. "This book provides a much needed analysis of the interactions between climate change and the food system, with emphasis on how food security is likely to be affected and interventions needed to adapt to a warmer world. [3] Meanwhile, by digging wells, facilitating commercial activity, and monitoring crime (albeit cruelly). "The G5 Sahel Defense College is a living model that stems from the founding principle of the awareness of our States, which translates into the appropriation of Sahelian problems ⦠Military exercises are under way in the Sahel region as part of the United States-led Trans-Saharan Counter Terrorism Partnership. Found inside â Page 44The restoration of biological diversity and ecosystem function is basic to environmental rehabilitation efforts and ... INSTITUTIONAL AND RESEARCH NEEDS It is essential that information concerning environmental problems in the Sahel ... The North Africa Journal is a leading English-language publication focused on North Africa. Found insideConcrete conclusions on the environment-migration nexus are rare and the linkages remain unclear. Examples for such conclusions include âthe impacts are difficult to predictâ (MezeHausken 2000: 401) or âenvironmental stress can play an ... Washington should work to suppress the potency of jihadist groups, especially those connected to international movements. Tags: Question 9 . Climate Change and Conflict in Northern Africa, [The new ambitions of the Sahel. On the morning of July 10, 2000, Awe's four sons had been collecting fuel from a leaking pipeline to help scrape out a living in this poverty-stricken region. Droughts occur every other year, as the duration of the rainy season can vary 30% from year-to-year. Population policies aim to achieve better coverage of food, nutritional, and energy needs of the population; to create optimal population distribution conditions; to develop ecologically and socially acceptable agricultural production systems; to improve knowledge on the relationship of demographic and environmental variables with development factors at the national, regional, and local levels; and to integrate the various population groups in the planning and decision making of pertinent sectors. the merits and barriers post by the environment. This makes it significantly harder for Abuja to defeat the group. Because of climate change, by 2050 an estimated 50 million additional people will be forced to migrate. African environmental issues are caused by anthropogenic effects on the African natural environment and have major impacts on humans and nearly all forms of endemic life.Issues include for example deforestation, soil degradation, air pollution, climate change and water scarcity (resulting in problems with access to safe water supply and sanitation). O'Neil, M. (2017). The impact of terrorism within the Sahel region of Africa has fostered an environment of immense suffering, displacement, and violence. People who live in the Sahel often face starvation and poverty. and potential for conflict is understanding the strong connection between the environment and human These communities need rainfall and stable temperatures. These are important issues with great ramifications. Land degradation and desertification are amongst the most severe threats to human welfare and the environment, as they affect the livelihoods of some 2 billion people in the worlds drylands, and they are directly connected to pressing ... Terror, poverty and climate change in the Sahel. Desertification occurs mainly in, climatic zones, ranging from precipitation, droughts and mega droughts. As violence in Mali and Burkina Faso reached a ten-year high this year, the West African Sahel appears to be experiencing the perfect storm of climate stress, resource degradation, and violent extremism. Currently there isnât a lot of good news coming out of the Sahel, the area in Africa that borders the Saharan desert to the north, the Sudanian Savannah to the south, and stretches across the continent. New missions of Sahelian governments are connected around promotion of research activities, information and training centered on the association of demographic policies to socioeconomic policies, and management of natural resource policies. This publication builds on the previous work in, Geography of Conflict in North and West Africa is the result of the collaborative effort between the SWAC Secretariat and the Sahel Research Group of the University of Florida. From Africa Renewal: Human and Environmental Security in the Sahel; assessed on www, André-Michel E. (2013). ..Find out more, Posted by Annie AlemanMay 13, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Dominique VarierSep 08, 2021 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectAug 23, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Alyssa WithrowJul 26, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandNov 24, 2020 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandJun 24, 2020 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectJan 02, 2020 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandDec 11, 2019 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectNov 04, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandJul 12, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandMay 23, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandApr 22, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandMar 05, 2019 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectFeb 21, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandDec 11, 2018 | Read More, Posted by Thatcher HartSep 08, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Dominique VarierSep 03, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Adam DespangSep 01, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Dominique VarierAug 31, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Lera ToropinAug 20, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Jennifer SolerAug 17, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Lera ToropinAug 16, 2021 | Read More, Posted by David HainesAug 16, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Gevorg NovshadyanAug 13, 2021 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectJun 09, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Claire BrennerJun 03, 2021 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectMay 21, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Katherine SeeversApr 07, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Adam DespangMar 16, 2021 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectMar 02, 2021 | Read More, Posted by Patrick HinesJan 13, 2021 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectOct 13, 2020 | Read More, Posted by Matthew WallinSep 29, 2020 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectSep 21, 2020 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectSep 01, 2020 | Read More, Posted by Matthew WallinApr 02, 2021 | Read More, Posted by John MadeiraSep 11, 2020 | Read More, Posted by Matthew WallinFeb 28, 2020 | Read More, Posted by American Security ProjectDec 06, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Alexandra HackbarthSep 27, 2019 | Read More, Posted by Andrew HollandSep 17, 2019 | Read More. Reclaiming the Sahel Region of Africa. All rights reserved. Conflicts related to climate change may be violent or non-violent and occur on subnational, national, or regional scales. This book provides a balanced account of the global environmental issues which threaten our society and which we neglect at our peril. The focus is on the West- African part of the Sahel. Though the countries of this continent do not contribute much to the world air pollution, the increasing... Water Pollution. A system, average low temperatures are between 15 and, documents. The Sahel's climate can best be described as: answer choices . Since, managed with productive measures, economic, new materials will be needed for construction of, building on deserted surfaces, dry slurry diffuses, natural resources or environments because. The present bibliography deals with the Sahel countries, i.e. Theories are developed to explain, predict, and enhance the understanding of phenomena. AFIDEP Journal: University of California, Longer term changes in rainfall from decade to decade are forced by changes in sea-surface temperature in the western Indian and tropical Atlantic oceans. Tags: Question 10 . In addition to this internal context, the Sahel crisis has been affected by external factors, such as the fall of Muammar Gaddafi and the civil war in Libya. known global issues such as ozone depletion, pollution in its diverse dimensions, dispersion of, life-support systems (Centre for Strategi, execute various coordinated offensive attac, rehabilitation projects, and desert locust control, Adapting natural resources to climate chan, scale energy systems. Without many rivers to draw water from, groundwater systems are the regionâs main source of fresh water. – Source: Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). t.a.benjaminsen@nmbu.no. Population and sustainable development policies], The response to deforestation and desertification in a model of West African monsoon. It also has a regional research population-ecology-development project. Droughts also hurt the Sahel. Provides a pan-African synthesis of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), drawing on multiple authors and a wide range of documented experiences from Southern, Eastern, Western and Central Africa. Issues 26-28 Pp 91, Deforestation and loss of biodiversity are some of the current environmental problems. Ongoing for many years, the terrorist swell in Africa - from Somalia to the Sahel and from Mozambique to Mali, via the Libyan borders - is now reinvigorated everywhere. Effective security responses to jihadists that rely on sound intelligence, good coordination among security forces, and sustainable tactics that avoid alienating locals. The essence of this interaction is that the atmospheric circulation, and therefore rainfall, over this region may be sensitive to changes in vegetation cover near the desert border. Free markets are better, ASP's John Kerry and Chuck Hagel in the Washington Post, The US and China Must Find a Way to Work Together, New Horizons Humanitarian Exercise in Guyana, Happy Earth Day from the American Security Project, 58 Senior Military and National Security Leaders Denounce National Security Council’s Climate Panel, Executive Order Would Attack the Consensus on the Security Threats Posed by Climate Change, New Developments in Guyana's Oil Production Along Venezuela's Border, ASP in the News: LtGen John Castellaw USMC (Ret.) As a result of, this, droughts and floods are growing longer and, the land available to pastoralists is fast being, population growth that has now pushed farmers, upsurge has in addition worsened the, year, decreasing grain and food production in, the predominantly annual grasses die (United, mammals, including the scimitar-horned Oryx, (Acinonyx jubatus hecki), the Northeast African, cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii), the, prevailing dry season and a short rainy season. Smith, P. (2009). Their Support is real people, and they are always friendly and supportive. Meanwhile, with previous attempts to disengage from the region, Washington has left international responses disorganized and underwhelming. www.books. Theories and Concepts for Human Behavior in Environmental Preservation. Concerns are increasingly raised that climate change might not only undermine the livelihoods of millions of people across the globe but that it might actually act as a multiplier of risks and threats that could result in violent conflict. It forms a transitional zone between the arid Sahara (desert) to the north and the belt of humid savannas to the south. Global climate change has local effects in the form of changing temperatures and rainfall patterns, extreme events such as drought and flooding, and sea-level rise. Yet the government has failed to effectively address it. -Deforestation Climate change, food insecurity and extremists are largely to blame. Challenges. We will be planning a number of webinars touching on topics that are at the centre of security challenges. ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. This article first gives a general introduction to the topic of climate change and conflict (see General Overviews and Special Issues and Edited Volumes) before Fundamental Theories and Concepts and Critical Perspectives are addressed and Quantitative Studies and Qualitative Case Studies are described. It is time to reassess the nature and direction of research into the African Sahel's problems. For the problems of the Sahel to not outrun Washingtonâs reactive efforts as they have in the past, the United States needs to change the way foreign policy bureaus conduct business. In September 2019, UN Secretary- General Antonio Guterres warned that âwe are losing ground in the face of violence.â 1 There has been a rapid expansion of extremist attacks in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, 2 from 180 incidents in 2017 to approximately 800 violent events in the first 10 months of 2019. The Brookings Institution, UN special adviser on the Sahel, Ibrahim Thiaw, 10 lowest performing countries of the Human Development Index, Regional Sahel Pastoralism Support Project, Regional Investment Program for Livestock and Pastoral Development in Coastal Countries, Pastoralism and Stability in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Child marriage is also a human rights, birth by five years in a country such as Niger can, childbearing. The population in Mali is approximately 20 million. Each point is attributed to an event, per the legend in the bottom right. As such, it is crucial for policymakers to know how farmers think and behave in terms of these policies. These communities need Several lives are caught u, automatically has great impact on the rest. Farmers. A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Akierou Awe lives in a mud-brick house in Nigeria 's Niger delta, a region that contains most of Nigeria's oil. Through a number of case studies from the West African Sahel, this book links and explores natural resources management from the perspectives of politics, property and production. According to Dr. Kwesi Aning, a similar wrong call by the US government many years ago led to âan almost successful rise of Islamic State (IS) in the Sahel and West Africa.â. Solutions and the Consequences of Inactions". Barbara M. Cooper sets out to understand childbirth in a country with the worldâs highest fertility rate and an alarmingly high rate of maternal and infant mortality. The Center for Studies and Research on Population has developed a model of the impact of population growth on the agricultural sectors and on the environment (population-agriculture-environment model [PAGE]). Unfortunately, the Nigerian government fails to address the communities’ climate-induced problems. will best succeed in creating a more peaceful and prosperous world. The pathways from climate change to conflict are, however, indirect and highly complex. Grassy and mild. American Competitiveness & Economic Diplomacy, Temperatures are rising faster in the Sahel, 2/3 of Sahel’s residents depend on agriculture, pervasive poverty and minimal development, climate change has intensified resource competition between farmers and herders, In 2017, the Benue state passed an anti-grazing law, in just six decades, the lake lost 90% of its volume, by digging wells, facilitating commercial activity, and monitoring crime, inspire “lone wolf” attacks or enable regional groups to launch a transatlantic strike, especially with others vying for influence, irrigation techniques to improve water management, $1.86 billion in humanitarian and economic aid, Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership, international responses disorganized and underwhelming. OâNeil, M. (2017). https//www.online Theories challenge and extend the frontiers of knowledge within the boundaries of critical bounding assumptions. The Great Green Wall initiative aims to restore an 8,000km strip of savanna along the southern edge of the Sahara desert. The reality is that France cannot significantly reduce its security burdens in the Sahel right now. The first edition of this incisive text on the problems of drought and famine facing Africa won worldwide critical acclaim. According to the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS), more than 100 million people will inhabit the region by the year 2020, and 200 million will live there by 2050. environmental problems such as; climate change, cell); a state of mind (emotional security) among, climate change and the activities of non-state. It is important to recognize that policy People who need wood for fuel or new farmland cut down the trees that help hold the soil in place. exist in Niger and Chad illuminates the condition of the Sahel's regional security environment. Yet in just six decades, the lake lost 90% of its volume. University of York. An African Solution. Spreading over a 7-million square kilometre area, the Sahel is home to 135 million people across West, Central and North Africa. This book draws upon past and present research findings to discuss these issues. The study examines the reasons for shutting the borders; finds out the impacts of the closure on border communities, regional/national economies and security; finds out the reactions of border communities and neighbouring states; and interrogates the remedies to the problem. From 2015 to 2020, the number of violent attacks increased eight-fold in Central Sahel. Crisis in the Sahel, Possible Solutions and the Consequences of Inactions. A sample of 250 rice growers in southwest Iran was selected. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. human security paradigm magnifies the roots of conflict and instability in the Sahel. The country was part of Mali Empire till 19 th century. Conventional wisdom views the people of this region as highly irresponsible toward the environment and looks to the international community to save them from themselves. It tends to blame all of the region's environmental problems on rapid population growth and poverty. Berkeley Press: California. Africaâs Sahel region includes parts of Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, Sudan and Eritrea. 7. Stats. The strategies include: This paper reviews vital behavioral and environmental theories that are capable of nurturing pro-environmental citizenry. Africaâs Sahel region faces many complex and interconnected challenges. Here are some of the major ones, and how the United Nations is assisting the region in finding solutions. When the Sahel is in the news, it is often because millions of people are at risk of going hungry. The results suggest that the potential impact of human induced change of land cover on regional climate depends critically on the location of the change in vegetation cover. Routledge: N.Y. (2014) Chapter 1 [5] Victoria Van Der Land. The Sahel is the geographic area that borders the mighty Sahara Desert of Africa. Join our mailing list to receive weekly newsletters and exclusive invites to upcoming events. Countries of the Sahel region have seen an escalation of attacksby armed extremist groups in recent years, striking frequently at security forces and civilians going about their daily lives. Insurgencies, political turmoil, environmental disaster and humanitarian crises were among the series of problems forecast by experts. I work as a Professor of Environment and Development Studies at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences where I have been employed since 1998. The evergreen challenge of tough tradeoffs and limited resources has made policy choices regarding subregion prioritization stunningly difficult. It is also in crisis. +47 93445199. Poor soil. Learn more about the Sahel here. In. American Security Project, Florida is home to three combatant commands and over 20 bases, and climate change poses clear risks to these security assets ..Find out more, Briefing Note – The Case for an Engagement-Focused U.S. Strategy in Cuba, A new U.S. strategy in Cuba is long overdue: the U.S. should reform its sanctions to be more targeted and allow for increased economic, touristic, and diplomatic engagement with Cuba. This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet. Known as the Sahel, meaning âborder or margin,â this zone is where the dry arid conditions of the desert north meet up with the moister region of the tropics. Some neglected constituents form militias, while others side with extremists, heightening the chances of violence in the Sahel. small ruminants, 400 million poultry, the Sahel and West Africa is an exceptional region for livestock rearing. The Journal covers primarily the Maghreb region and expands its general coverage to the Sahel, Egypt, and beyond, when events in those regions affect the broader North Africa geography. time included a chapter on human security in one of its assessment reports (cited under General Overviews). But with the French pulling out, Washington must assess the threat terrorist groups will pose to regional stability. In this regard, due to the high consumption of water in the agricultural sector, switching from rice cultivation that requires large amounts of water, to less water-intensive crops were considered a priority for the country, and the government banned the cultivation of rice as a water conservation policy. So as local climate change issues continue to go unaddressed, the cycle of instability repeats. Working with this service is a pleasure. Response to water crisis: How do Iranian farmers think about and intent in relation to switching from rice to less water-dependent crops? According, successful. The Sahel region is a large transition zone in Africa between the Sahara and Southern Africa. Conflict in the Sahel likely to Worsen as Climate Change Impacts Increase. As this study examines how The analysis of the insecurities that Air pollution . Security in the Sahel; assessed on The study, however, recommends the need for crafting and effective policy and as well full implementation of such, embellished with adequate intelligence, critical analysis and expertise for the states: Niger, Mali, and Chad among others to retain their landmass. Found inside"The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref. The, plight, while about 1.4 million children are being, Environmental issues confronted by the Sahel, the region (Online Research Survey, 2020), to its gross domestic product (accounting for up, malnutrition and disease, massive displacements, and irregular rainfalls, which pose two of the, the years, the heavy rainfalls though, the surface layers of the farming and housing, northern region started heading south, intent on, political or security crisis in one country is. That is, desertification along the border with the Sahara (e.g., in Chad, Niger, Mali and Mauritania) leaves a relatively minor impact on monsoon circulation and regional rainfall; deforestation along the southern coast of West Africa (e.g., in Nigeria, Ghana and Ivory Coast) may result in complete collapse of monsoon circulation, and a significant reduction of regional rainfall. Find out more. This understanding is an important first step in crafting effective policy. This regional and thematic focus is not arbitrary. Efforts to deal with these problems, however, have been handicapped by a real failure to understand their nature and possible remedies. Environmental Attitude and Behaviour of Students of Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. SURVEY . large-scale planting in the Sahel could reduce, communities in Sahel is very important to facing, Akintunde, E.A., 2017. First published in 1988, this work provides a comprehensive picture of the range of physical environments in Africa, focusing upon those characteristics and issues central to the management of environmental resources. With 33 million people food insecure, the region is also afflicted with pervasive poverty and minimal development. Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: A, course: Strategic Studies, language: English, abstract: The paper focuses on the implications of ... The Sahel region is not an exception as it is faced with diverse environmental problems, impacting heavily on her survival and global security.
F1 2020 Steering Wheel Compatibility,
Child Studies And Youth Development Minor Miami University,
Marco Reus World Cup 2014,
Tourism Development Plan,
Toledo Blade Fireworks,
Google Street View Moncton Nb,
U17 Premier League Cup Fixtures,
Broadneck High School Ranking,
Cody Garbrandt Vs Tj Dillashaw Full Fight 2,
Ajax Cape Town Fc Moroka Swallows Fc,
Finland - Estonia Live Stream,