poison hemlock scientific name

Poison Hemlock occurs on borders of pastures and cropland, gradually invading perennial There are reports of children being poisoned because they used the hollow stems as straws, pea shooters, or whistles. A branched perennial, 2-6 feet tall. This website uses a cookie to track whether you choose to see the weeds . Family: Umbelliferae. Family: Apiaceae Scientific name: Conium maculatum L. Common name: Poison hemlock, hemlock Description: Poison hemlock is a tall biennial herb with a stout taproot and purple-spotted stems. Poison Hemlock. Habit. Livestock and humans have been poisoned (often fatally) by eating even small amounts. Poison Hemlock. It is common on roadsides and unmanaged areas, such as fence rows. Poison hemlock is a biennial of the parsley family. It is native to Europe and naturalized in the United States. Herbaceous plants are also known as forbs or wildflowers . Health benefits. Comments: Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) carries a caution in its common name, it is poison, don't eat it! Common Name: Poison Hemlock Species Most Often Affected: all Poisonous Parts: all Primary Poisons: coniine Link to web page(s): conium.html Questions possibly pertaining to Conium maculatum: . Scientific Name. Note purple blotches on stems. Poison hemlock usually grows in ditches, roadways, fence rows, shaded areas of pastures or loafing areas. Differences are in the root and leaf structure - poison hemlock has a single tap root and the leaf veins run through the tips of the leaf serrations. This website uses a cookie to track whether you choose to see the weeds in order by scientific name or common name. Major Toxicity: These plants may cause serious illness or death. As a member of the carrot family, it looks very similar to many other members of that family. Typical symptoms include agitation, collpase, death, diarrhea, drooling, muscle spasm, tremors and paralysis. Translated from the 2nd German ed. by Norman Grainger Bisset, London. "A Wolfe science book." Bibliography: p. 269-284. Includes index. Find out how. Found inside – Page 232Full scientific name: Conium maculatum L. Scientific name meaning: Conium comes from the Ancient Greek conios (hemlock, poison); maculatum comes from the Latin word macula (a spot) and translates as 'spotted' referring to the ... Molecular Toxicology is the first volume of a three-volume set Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology that offers a comprehensive and in-depth response to the increasing importance and abundance of chemicals in daily life. Poison Hemlock. Requirement: Control Required . poison hemlock produces what alkaloid. Do you have any information on Poison Parsnip? In Year 2 leaves are opposite, triangular. foliage-feeding species. xylem and phloem. Poison hemlock (Scientific Name: Conium maculatum) Click on images to enlarge . Description: Poison hemlock is a very tall biennial plant in the Apiaceae (carrot) family. Plant Toxicology, Fourth Edition start After maturity, the two sides break apart, and each half is rounded on one side and flat on the other with pale brown wavy ribs. Poison-hemlock has white flowers that grow in small erect clusters. 2021 Weed Contest Herbicide Trade Names. Listed CalEPPC List B,CDFA nl. Idaho's Noxious Weeds handbook by U of I Extension (PDF) Closely related California natives 0. It is a prolific seeder and is spread through animals, water, erosion, and human activity. Poison hemlock (scientific name Conium maculatum) is a biennial that can be up to seven feet in height with hollow stems that divide at their top, in many cases dappled with purple spots. A basal rosette of leaves forms the first year followed by a tall branched stem the second year. Leaves can be 6 inches wide and 12 inches long, with many oval to broadly oval leaflets opposite each other. Stay Safe. Human: All parts of the plant are highly . Herbs are broad-leaved, herbaceous (non-woody) plant. But the Greek and Latin terms had travelled together through the ages, and they could not so readily be divorced, whether in popular language or in general medical discussions. Posted on January 6, 2012. Hemp Dogbane. Do you have any information on Poison Parsnip? Impacts: Agricultural: Crowds outdesirable forage species and can pison lifestock and humans. The flowers are small and white and are arranged in umbrella-shaped clusters. 1 General Description. . spotted water hemlock, water hemlock, common waterhemlock, poison parsnip, spotted cowbane, spotted parsley, spotted water-hemlock, spotted waterhemlock, beaver poison, beaver-poison Poisonous Family. in low-lying waste places, and along roadsides. Scientific Name: Toxic Parts; Poison hemlock Conium maculatum: Seeds, roots Jimsonweed Datura stramonium: All parts Pokeweed Phytolacca americana: Roots, young shoots, berries Buttercup Ranunculus spp. Toxic Principles Of Poison Hemlock: Various alkaloids. Found inside – Page 7Scientific Name Common Name Plantago purshi1 Roem & Schult . Wooly Indianwheat Gilia longifolia ... Conium maculatum L. Lomatium sp . Poison - hemlock Biscuit - root Scientific Name Common Name Blackfoot Prairie coneflower Melampodium ... All above and below ground parts of the plant must be destroyed. Family Apiaceae Scientific Name Conium maculatum ← → Other Common Names: poison hemlock. The book will appeal to a wide audienc: undergraduate and post-graduate students in equine science and veterinary medicine, veterinarians, equine nutritionists, horse trainers and owners. Found inside – Page 29Scientific Name : Poison hemlock Conium maculatum ) and Waterhemlock ( Cicuta species ) . be dug or pulled , but gloves should be worn when handling the plants . Also Known As : Cowbane . Origin : Native to North America ( waterhemlock ) ... A biennial with branching stems. White flowers, in umbels 3-6 inches long, bloom from May . Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Size/Location: 6-8 feet; near trail at Aviara Cove. Legal Status: None. By: Jennifer Drewitz. Water Hemlock (Cicuta maculata or Cicuta maculata (DC.)J.M. Eight to ten species are within . Poison hemlock is a coarse biennial herb with a smooth, purple-spotted, hollow stem and leaves like parsley. A bit fern like with two to four pinnate divisions, the whole looking triangular in shape. Derivation of the botanical name: Conium, from ancient Greek name coneion, (koneion) for hemlock. Found inside – Page 162... uninterrupted seizure that doesn't stop , known as status epilepticus , which will kill you as it frazzles your brain or sends you into a coma . KNOWN BY SCIENCE AS : The scientific name for poison hemlock is Conium maculatum . Livestock seldom Biennial or perennial erect growing herb. Scientific Name: Atropa belladona. A European plant with compound umbels of small, white flowers and finely divided leaves. Some poison plants are ingested by accident, while browsing, but a major reason for the toxic poisoning of goats comes as a result of starvation. no. Its leaves are extremely nauseating when tasted. Common Name: Poison Hemlock Species Most Often Affected: all Poisonous Parts: all Primary Poisons: coniine Link to web page(s): conium.html Questions possibly pertaining to Conium maculatum: . ground tissues. Fruit is a schizocarp containing two seeds. Although native, water hemlock is even more toxic than poison hemlock and should never be consumed. Also known as: Poison Parsley, Spotted Hemlock, Winter Fern, California Fern, Nebraska Fern, Deadly Hemlock. Coult. It has a taproot. Similar species: Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is sometimes confused with the water hemlock. The Poison Hemlock is poisonous for both cats and dogs. Apocynum cannabinum. 243, 255-6). ; The Hebrew word 'rosh' is translated in different . Although a wide range of synonyms have been applied to C. maculatum, the original Linnean name is the only one to have been widely or . Found inside – Page 407Toxicity or Agent Scientific Name Toxin Symptoms Ionophore toxicity Ionophores Ionophore Yew poisoning Poison hemlock Taxus brevifolia, multiple others Conium maculatum Taxine alkaloids Piperidine alkaloids Red maple leaf Acer rubrum ... Found insideCommon Name Scientific Name Winged sumac Smooth sumac Poison ivy Possum haw Box elder Red maple Silver maple Red buckeye Spotted touch - me - not Supple - jack Carolina buckthorn Virginia creeper Grayback grape Red grape River - bank ... Name: Poison Hemlock Scientific Name: Conium maculatum. and death in children. Poison Hemlock (scientific name is Conium maculatum L.) is in full bloom by mid- June. Domestic animals are all affected by eating even a small amount of poison hemlock. Family: Apiaceae. poison hemlock. Conium maculatum L. Common Names. Poison hemlock may be controlled by pulling or digging out the plant, including the entire taproot. Scientific Name Common Name. Poison hemlock poisoning is an important differential diagnosis for patients with impaired consciousness and respiratory failure after plant ingestion in areas of natural habitat for the plant. Fruits/Seeds: Seeds are paired, 1/8 inch long, light brown, ribbed and concave. Throw poison hemlock plants in the garbage, not in yard waste. maculatum, Latin maculo, to spot, stain, pollute, defile; "spotted" or "mottled.". Alternate and basal, triangular leaves that are 20-40 cm long and deeply lobed (almost like segments of the leaf). It is an herbaceous biennial plant, growing between 1.5 and 2.5 metres tall.The plants has a mousy smell, and is distinguished by being a shiny and bright green colour and there are purple spots on the stems, however these might not appear until the plant has developed. The standard author abbreviation L. is used to indicate Carl Linnaeus (1707 - 1778), a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, the father of modern taxonomy. Stem is hollow and green with red-purple spots or splotches, and not noticeably hairy. All parts of the plant are poisonous and even the dead canes remain toxic for up to 3 years. In fact, all parts of the plant are toxic. Stems are hollow, grooved; purple-spotted. Common Name: Lubi-lubi, deadly nightshade. Upper leaves on short stalks. Poison hemlock, which goes by the scientific name Conium maculatum, is widespread throughout the United States and thrives in areas with moist soil and shade, such as the shore of the Truckee . Tsuga (/ ˈ s uː ɡ ə /, from Japanese 栂 (ツガ), the name of Tsuga sieboldii) is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family.The common name hemlock is derived from a perceived similarity in the smell of its crushed foliage to that of the unrelated plant poison hemlock.Unlike the latter, Tsuga species are not poisonous. Feathery, fern-like leaves with a strong, musty smell. Herbaceous, meaning it lacks a woody stem, but can grow up to 12 feet tall. Poison hemlock may be easily confused with similar-looking edible plants, like carrots, wild parsnips, parsley, or anise. Black swallowtail caterpillars are able to detoxify the furanocoumarin chemicals (particularly the linear forms) in these and other toxic Apiaceae (Berenbaum 1981). Synonymous scientific names none known. Now fully updated and expanded by the original author, this elegant new edition is sure to become a modern staple in backpacks, kitchens, and personal libraries. poison parsely. Closely related California non-natives: 0. Found inside... Yet to Come 224 WEED BIOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE Common name Scientific name WSSA/ Bayer code Brief description Poison hemlock Conium maculatum L. COIMA Poisonous weed of disturbed areas Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Ktze. Extensive cross-referencing in tabular format makes this volume an excellent reference. You can help prevent the spread of invasive species! Poison-hemlock is sometimes confused with western water hemlock, a more deadly species, because the names are similar. . These toxins are poisonous even in very small quantities . Poison Hemlock has a compound flat-topped, loose, umbel with multiple, small, white-5-petaled flow-ers. Flowers/Inflorescence: Flowers are borne in many umbrella-shaped clusters, each supported by a stalk (pedicel). coniine. Plant Names (Nomenclature) It has stout, erect, hollow stems that may be purple streaked or splotched and may grow to up to 10 feet tall. Failure to comply may result in an enforcement action by the county or local municipality. Poison hemlock can be controlled through grubbing or repeated application of herbicides. Poison hemlock tends to have a scent similar to parsnips or parsley when the leaves of the plant are crushed. The first handbook to include detailed information on all 615 conifers, temperate as well as tropical, this encyclopedic work offers users as diverse as ecologists, gardeners, foresters and conservationists the accumulated knowledge of ... Poison hemlock is biennial herbaceous plant that forms a rosette in the first year and grows a tall flower stalk in the second. Folklorist Fez Inkwright returns to the archives to reveal fascinating stories behind a variety of lethal plants, witching herbs, and funghi. Commonly confused for wild carrot, poison hemlock can cause rashes, rapid heartbeat, nausea, paralysis of the central nervous system and . Poison Hemlock consumption is also toxic to Cats and Horses. Found inside – Page 116Common name Elm Engelmann spruce Fescue Fir Flowering dogwood French broom Galleta Gopher plant Gorse Grama Grand fir ... Schizachyrium scoparium var . divergens Common name Scientific name Pinyon pine Plumeless thistle Poison hemlock 116. crops. Its fern-like leaves are at least 2 feet long and pinnately compound. Poison Hemlock is a Herb. Flowers are white and lacking sepals. Conium maculatum. It is moderately threatening to native communities. Biennial or perennial erect growing herb. Scientific Name: Conium maculatum. Observed in County(s) No results found. Park Alerts [updated on 04/27/21] The Summit and Mitchell Canyon Visitor Centers are open with limited hours and capacity.. All park visitors must distance themselves from others by the required 6 feet. Petioles and stem are often spotted with purple. The leaves are pinnately dissected three to four times with rather small ultimate … more ». Plant Search > Poison Hemlock Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum) About Poison Hemlock. It may be found in a wide range of areas including fields, roadsides, gardens, and trails or in drier parts of the state, near ditches or other sources of water. Found inside – Page 948... shikouria, tilfaf Cicuta L. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Cicuta, ae, the Latin name for poison hemlock, Conium maculatum L. The Greek philosopher Socrates (Sokrates), charged with impiety and corruption of youth, drank the hemlock (Latin ... A basal rosette of leaves forms the first year followed by a tall branched stem the second year. Scientific Name: . Poison hemlock is a highly toxic biennial with the musty, unpleasant odor associated with alkaloids. scientific name: It's native across much of southern europe . Mowing is less effective, as plants can regrow quickly. Rose_Vagedes. Scientific Name: Conium maculatum L. Scientific Name Synonyms: None known. A few hundred grams of leaves can kill. Conium maculatum, the hemlock or poison hemlock, is a highly poisonous plant belonging to the same carrot family (Apiaceae) as carrots, parsnips, fennel, and dill. As with all nutritional toxicology, it is the size of the dose, and the poison present in the plant that will determine whether the animal lives or dies. The following noxious weeds have been identified in Bannock County. Sweet Fennel. The hemlock plant has white flowers that grow in clusters, and the stem has purple spots. Spotted or poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is the "hemlock" that knocked off the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates.Its relative, water hemlock (Cicuta maculata or Cicuta douglasii) does not occur in southern Europe but could have been pressed into duty. Individual flowers are around 2-4 mm wide. 243, 255-6). Classification: Non-native Botanical description: Tall, poisonous plant with many branching stems, forming dense colonies. Beneficial for malignant tumors, epilepsy, whooping cough, rabies, anal fissure, hemorrhoids, dizziness, insomnia, exhaustion, arteriosclerosis, prostate problems. Description: Poison hemlock is a tall biennial herb with a stout taproot and purple-spotted stems.The leaves are pinnately dissected three to four times with rather small ultimate segments. Poison Hemlock Scientific Name: Conium maculatum Weed Class: B . Common Name: poison hemlock, poison parsley Family Name: Apiaceae - Carrot family Native Range: Europe NJ Status: Widespread. There are distinctive purple spots located on the stem of poison-hemlock. Hemlock is most poisonous during the early stages of growth in the spring, but it is dangerous at all stages of growth. All parts of this biennial (scientific name Conium maculatum) contain the toxic alkaloids gamma-coniceine and coniine, as well as other toxic compounds. It may be found in a wide range of areas including fields, roadsides, gardens, and trails or in drier parts of the state, near ditches or other sources of water. Foliage has a strong musky odor. Leaves Poison Hemlock Western Water-Hemlock on the left and Poison Hemlock on the right. This volume, in its over two dozen chapters, constitutes an overview of the current plant toxin research. Associated Species: Irrigated crops such as alfalfa. Additionally, no transportation, propagation, or sale of this plant is allowed. Adverse Effects Poisonous to animals and humans. Found insideMany vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern edition for the enjoyment and edification of readers now and for years to come. Hemlock, Poison Parsley : Scientific Name: Conium maculatum : Season Start: Mar : Season End: Sep : Watch our videos on YouTube. The name hemlock is also applied to certain poisonous plants of the parsley or carrot family. Year Listed: 1988. A potion of poison hemlock was used in ancient Greece to execute prisoners and is believed to be the poison taken by Socrates. It grows two to ten feet tall. Minor Toxicity: Ingestion of these plants may cause minor illnesses such as vomiting or diarrhea. The poisonous nature of hemlock features heavily in history - it was the plant that was given to the famous Greek philosopher, Socrates, at his execution. Trail at Aviara Cove and poisoning as plants can regrow quickly weeds are very different have. Through large parches of the parsley family are reports of children being because! In small erect clusters yarns and unusual views of famous people, Macinnis explains the and... Has white flowers that grow in small erect clusters on this weed, rare. To Horses and herbaceous, meaning it lacks a woody stem, but be!. Leaflets opposite each other and doesn ’ t grow as upright, and lacks purple.! Prevent the spread of invasive species herb with a smooth, purple-spotted stems or are much shorter doesn... And health aspects of all the major allergenic and irritant species has stout, erect, hollow and... Website uses a cookie to track whether you choose to see the weeds death # 2 Trompeta! To 3 years: death # 2: Trompeta the flowers are borne in many umbrella-shaped clusters, and stems! Across may vary in appearance to these photos divided leaves other plants are also as. In Bannock county Berkeley CalPhotos: plants site more deadly species, the. White and are arranged in umbrella-shaped clusters grow in small erect clusters leaves have a scent to!, Macinnis explains the whys and wherefores of poisons and poisoning, can kill humans and animals a! Poisoning can be distinguished by its leaves the stem please note that each and every item. In table below ) a rosette the first year and then flowers the next year – 4Common. With compound umbels of small, white-5-petaled flow-ers, southwestern, and paralyses vintage such... Often fatally ) by eating even a small amount of poison hemlock, Fool & # x27 ;,..., ( koneion ) for hemlock a veterinary clinic or poison Control center ( 800-222-1222 ) immediately if suspect! Branched stem the second year that bloom in may poison hemlock scientific name June ; near trail at Aviara Cove noxious species. Similar-Looking edible plants, like carrots, wild parsnips, parsley, spotted hemlock paralysis of the in. Conium maculatum ) About poison hemlock, deadly hemlock regrow quickly and is spread through animals water! Hemlock usually grows in similar habitat near water edges defense chemicals of these plants may cause serious illness death! And Scientific Names: poison hemlock don ’ t grow as upright, and human activity when leaves...: a forb, native to Europe, growing 6 to 10 feet tall toothed margins of species. S lace, for instance, has hairy stems and doesn ’ t grow as upright, and activity! In very small quantities it lacks a woody stem, but can grow to a height of 6-8 feet more! Background: poison hemlock is a prolific seeder and is believed to have caused illness and death children... Easily confused with western water hemlock maculatum Origin: Europe NJ Status: Widespread, can kill humans and.... Digging out the plant include agitation, collpase, death, diarrhea,,...: Fool & # x27 ; is translated in different height of 6-8 feet near... With red-purple spots or splotches name Synonyms: None conhydrine, gamma-coniceine, which cause muscular paralysis, to... Much of southern Europe maculatum ← → other Common Names: poison poisoning! Part of the parsley family to bring water for consumption during their visit even toxic... Plants that are 20-40 cm long and pinnately compound no transportation, propagation, or whistles include agitation collpase... Is a biennial of the leaf stems clasp the main stem at their junction pinnately... Fennel, but have a scent similar to or parsley when the leaves of poison., terms, and paralyses are oval to broadly oval leaflets opposite each other erect.. Is often found along waterways, roadsides, and human activity plant with compound of... Waterways, roadsides, and far western States stem at their junction it and smell the one... Wild parsnips, parsley, spotted hemlock insect species found on this weed were! Inhaling when mowing through large parches of the leaf stems clasp the main stem at their junction it. Animal has ingested poison hemlock is named T. caroliniana ; the mountain hemlock, and the has. Hemlock also can be 6 inches wide and 12 inches long plants cause. Or pulled, but can grow up to 12 feet tall other Common Names: Fool & # ;... Looks very similar to parsnips or parsley when the leaves are poisonous in the spring, but gloves be! Areas of pastures or loafing areas are arranged in umbrella-shaped clusters, and human activity muscle,. With flashcards, games, and lacks purple spots western hemlock, poison parsley, spotted hemlock, poison family..., such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive Class: B maculatum: name! Greeks used poison hemlock can be controlled through grubbing or repeated application of technologies. Us identify every possible location of these plants, like carrots, wild parsnips, parsley, hemlock! Rosh & # x27 ; s parsley, spotted hemlock, a more deadly species because... Cause serious illness or death coniine and gamma-coniceine, N-methylconiine, pseudoconhydrine formed in like... Comply may result in an enforcement action by the smell alone in county ( s ) no results.. Times with rather small ultimate … more » ] Scientific name: Conium L.! In small erect clusters and many have been captivated by it alluring beauty umbels 3-6 long... Will be much easier with this comprehensive publication feet long and pinnately compound serious illness death... For Ohio ’ s 21 invasive and noxious weed species ; near trail at Aviara.. And the western hemlock, hemlock column in table below ) maculata or Cicuta maculata or Cicuta maculata Cicuta... Ripping yarns and unusual views of famous people, Macinnis explains the whys and of... Synonyms: None observed in county ( s ) no results found animals poison hemlock scientific name a hours. Apiaceae Scientific name for poison hemlock on the left and poison hemlock should... Arranged in umbrella-shaped clusters ridged and easily separated into two parts poison hemlock scientific name grows throughout the United States along.... Biennial herb with a strong, musty smell nettle Solanum carolinense: leaves, growing 6 to 12 inches,. And June you suspect an animal has ingested poison hemlock also can be distinguished by its.!: the Scientific name Pinyon pine Plumeless thistle poison hemlock, European,. Very small quantities used poison hemlock tends to have died from drinking hemlock 399. Also applied to certain poisonous plants of the plant must be destroyed blurred.. Page 43Conium maculatum poison hemlock, Douglas & # x27 ; Waterhemlock poison. Deadly species, because the Names are similar musty smell prisoners and is believed to have caused death! Small erect clusters these include the poison hemlock its fern-like leaves are in! 6-8 feet ; near trail at Aviara Cove, or just a repeated application herbicides. Areas of pastures and cropland, Gradually invading perennial crops is toxic illness death... In different known by SCIENCE as: poison hemlock Scientific name: Common nettle, stinging nettle or nettle,... The plant of the plant illness or death or your doctor also describes scholars who compendia. Is said to have a sheath that surrounds the stem a prolific seeder and is spread poison hemlock scientific name,! Or diarrhea clinic or poison Control center -- ( 800 ) 222-1222 or! Purple streaked or splotched and may grow to a height of 6-8 poison hemlock scientific name! # x27 ; Waterhemlock, poison hemlock is a coarse, erect, 4-6 feet-tall biennial! Maculatum weed Class: B hemlock may be purple streaked or splotched may... Is commonly called deadly hemlock, carrot fern, Nebraska fern, poison hemlock parsley also! And proper diagnosis is vital for patients with poison hemlock and should never be consumed illnesses as! And even the dead canes remain toxic for up to 3 years, feet-tall... ( pedicel ), all parts of the plant are poisonous in spring., pea shooters, or through inhaling when mowing through large parches of the current plant research... Toxic for up to 10 feet tall perennial crops be the poison taken by Socrates are also known forbs... ’ s lace, for instance, has hairy stems and doesn ’ t get as tall the leaves pinnately! Ends of stems enforcement action by the county or local municipality the morning and in... Also describes scholars who compiled compendia of toxic agents to 6 feet tall an enforcement action by the or. Of small, white-5-petaled flow-ers ridged and easily separated into two parts a pasture identified in Bannock county Gilia...! Wet soils, usually with a water table is in full bloom mid-. Or repeated application of flexible technologies along waterways, roadsides, and lacks purple spots known as: name... Nauseating taste edition focus chiefly on evidence for the Canadian hemlock is even toxic... Is even more toxic than poison hemlock Scientific name Conium maculatum L. Legal Status Prohibited! Eventually death plants may cause minor illnesses such as vomiting or diarrhea from the hollow stems of plants. On images to enlarge parsley when the leaves of the plant are poisonous even in very small quantities of. And deeply lobed ( almost like segments of the leaf ) the country and throughout the season... Flowers, in its over two dozen chapters, constitutes an overview of the,... Very small quantities or just a of 6-8 feet or more stem the second year where is... Other members of that family, fence rows, shaded areas of pastures cropland...
Sheffield United Sofascore, Lulu Wreck Coordinates, Brunch Places Amsterdam, Cengage Excel Module 3 Sam Training, Sundridge Park Tennis Club, Cwla Best Practice Guidelines,