how does surface texture affect friction

Therefore, the texture of corrugated rubber increases points of contact and thereby increases friction. high degree of sliding friction—possibly seizure with mating surface). How does surface finish affect coatings? 1.2 Rationale The effects of surface texture on heat transfer are not yet known. The smoother the surfaces of the two objects in contact, the less friction. Thus a number of asperities will need to make contact so that the total force pushing up by the individual asperities equals the load, W, pushing down by the flat, rigid and smooth surface. Friction is a force that works in the opposing direction than an object is moving. Momentum is the mass of a moving body times its velocity. The introduction of surface textures, some patterns such as dimples and grooves processed on friction surfaces, 1 is a well-known approach to improve the … Surface texture of a tool plays an important role as it primarily controls the frictional behavior at the interface. Replotting the Moody's friction factor chart with the constricted flow diameter results in a simplified plot and yields a single asymptotic value of friction factor . Found inside – Page 601There are many factors of the single dimple which affect the load carrying capacity and the friction coefficient of film. In this paper, the area density and depth of dimples are discussed importantly. 3.1 Effect of Surface Texture on ... Found inside – Page 54 ) , this difference in surface texture should affect tire friction . ... maximum cornering - force friction coefficients is caused by the tread rubber compositions tested , but the available data do suggest that the conventional tread ... Rough textures create more friction than smooth textures by creating more surface area and allowing for more contact. The street (rough) 3. Thus Bernoulli's Theorem is in effect. The presence of stick-slip motion under lubricated conditions could be attributed to the molecular deformation of the lubricant component confined between asperities. a decrease in friction with sliding time should be observed similar to that seen in dry sliding. Q. Friction originates when two surfaces slide over each other. The rougher the texture, there will be more friction. The Rough Surface Technology on Golf Clubs. I investigate how each of the texture or … This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. Abstract. Sponsored Content is a special paid section where industry companies provide high quality, objective, non-commercial content around topics of interest to the Quality audience. Friction is more important than eating. The minimum value for the drag coefficient increases with increasing roughness size on the surface. on the surface of the coating, and other processes that help in smoothing the surface and the things that affect the advance on the surface is the manufacturing … About 50 years ago, Greenwood and Williamson (GW66) developed the model by which surface asperities support the load elastically and further extended our understanding of sliding friction. In this paper, the effects of surface roughness on friction behaviour are discussed. So actually the friction force, under plastic deformation has no dependence on anything related to the “roughness” of the surface. Micro- and nano-patterned surfaces can be fabricated using various techniques including photolithography, electron-beams, and so on. by Ron Kurtus. The normal force is the force vector that is perpendicular to the surfaces. Steve Spangler performed an experiment about the effect of surface texture. 30 seconds. Friction is a force that resists the relative motion between two objects or materials. By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. What was the attitude of different people towards the separate amenities act or law during apartheid. It can be transferred from one object to another. If one doubles the load being moved, friction increases by a factor of two. Bhushan developed an estimate of the friction coefficient uplow (i.e. Found inside – Page 59Lateral grooves in bias tires or in the shoulder ribs of radial tires can adversely affect tire wear. R. M. Gallaway I was interested in ... Surface texture roughness does affect the tread pressure, causing very high local pressures. The revised edition of this best-selling text covers manufacturing processes, manufacturing systems, and materials for manufacturing. How does … Figure (a) above is an example of a drawing symbol as used on a drawing and figure (b) shows the meaning of each of the numbers and also the location of the lay symbol. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. Surface design for controlled friction Introduction of a controlled surface texture can decrease the friction and improve the tribological properties of a … The … A. Thus, assuming elastic deformation at the points of contact, adjusting the surface texture by modifying the asperity localized radii and/or overall average roughness … For surfaces composed of a large summit height deviation (i.e. Toward end of life as the surface was further polished the lower roughness resulted in a higher real area of contact and thus higher friction (C). report. Some researchers have investigated the evaluation of pavement friction using macrotexture measurements and found that the relationship between friction and macrotexture is extremely weak. I investigate how each of the texture or surface material how a shape affects the coefficient of friction by qualitatively measuring the visual change in air flow across an object. In addition you will The objective: To determine the effect of friction of different surfaces on the distance travelled by a vehicle powered by a balloon.. Research. This study was conducted using steel discs of varying … Found insideFriction and the interaction of surfaces can usually be felt at the scale of the contacting bodies. When an object is moving on a surface with a lot of texture, how does this affect the amount of friction created? The amount of friction between your feet and the floor surface determines how well you can slide. SURVEY. Figure 4 demonstrates measurements made with a 3D optical profiler of a surface under sliding conditions that evolved from the plowing (A) mechanism (i.e. Surface finish stems from the understanding of the surface hardening rate of a given material. Copyright © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The youth of today are more interested in the pursuit of pleasure than in academic work? What special skill does Barnabas bring to the blessed mother service In the story the lady's juggler? These forces are mainly affected by the surface texture … In this paper, we describe a manufacturing . 1). A fully updated version of the popular Introduction to Tribology, the second edition of this leading tribology text introduces the major developments in the understanding and interpretation of friction, wear and lubrication. if technology could synthesize texture as it does visual displays and audio, this vital information pathway would be realized in the dig-ital world. A rough surface may initially have higher friction. All Rights Reserved BNP Media. Weight affects friction in that friction is directly proportional to the weight of the load one is moving. a diamond like coating), making the asperity side of the interface appear as a “saw” to the flat smooth surface. Found inside – Page 433Pavement surface characteristics include micro - texture , macrotexture , mega - texture and unevenness in relation to different wavelength classes . Friction depends on both macro and microtexture ; in particular pavement initial ... surface area. Ask questions, submit answers, leave comments. Rather, a number of finish parameters, including maximum profile peak height, mean roughness depth, profile bearing ratio, the degree of skew, and the total height of the roughness . The schoolyard (smooth) 4. The friction force between two surfaces is proportional to the normal force pushing those surfaces together. Causes of Friction. Using systems like the UMT the friction forces (or frictional coefficient, COF) may be measured as a function of various conditions such as load, distance traveled, degree of lubrication etc. Persson’s work further demonstrated how the nature of the surface texture, expressed by characteristics related to the amplitudes and spacings will affect the real area of contact from the regimes described by the mechanisms discussed above to full 100% contact between the mating surfaces. The rougher the surfaces, the greater the … Roughness is sometime an undesirable property as it may cause friction, wear, drag, fatigue and heat loss, but it is some time beneficial, as it (texture) allows … Sammi says hello to Paul by waving Hello and waving are examples of which two parts of the communication process? Surface texture of a tool plays an important role as it primarily controls the frictional behavior at the interface. When an object is moving on a surface with a lot of texture, how does this affect the amount of friction created? It … Design, CMS, Hosting & Web Development :: ePublishing. Surface finish, Also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of the surface, as defined by three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. smaller deviation of summit heights) will result in a higher real area of contact and thus higher friction. For this reason there has been considerable research, development and standardisation of areal techniques. This book will present the areal framework that is being adopted by the international community. Jun 9, 2004 #3 kawikdx225. The factors being tested will include the effect of surface texture, weight and surface area contact on friction. The sliding friction, for plastic deformation, Fp is then given by: Where S is the shear strength (measured in Newtons/m2) of the junctions formed at the asperity contacting regions. In the elastic regime, lower roughness, Ra will usually result in a larger real area of contact and thus higher friction.Â, So indeed, in the case of elastically contacting surfaces the solution to reducing the friction is to “make the surface rougher!”. Influence of surface roughness on the friction property of textured surface Yuankai Zhou, Hua Zhu, Wenqian Zhang, Xue Zuo, Yan Li and Jianhua Yang Abstract In … Describe how the surface texture of an object affects the friction that it can generate. Dear Sharma, To answer your question in short, there is no effect of roughness in determining the friction factor in laminar regime. Fplow/W) for asperities with radius R, penetrating a depth, d into a mating surface as: Thus the smaller the radii, R of the plowing asperities, and the higher the average roughness (i.e. Most of what I read online states that the finer you polish two flat surfaces the less friction there will be between them. The measurement of the friction between sliding surfaces may be readily performed with various instruments. On the other hand, friction coefficients between these extremes decreased with sliding time. The trade-off with this is that we are creating a slightly higher skin friction drag on the rim,' continues the man from Zipp, 'but since this is some 10 times lower than the pressure drag, we find a bulged rim to be remarkably analogous to a golf ball in that the pressure drag reduction is many times greater than the total skin friction drag. “balloon type” structures) the real area of contact will be larger and thus the friction will be higher (Figure 2). It was observed that the coefficient of friction and transfer layer formation depends primarily on the directionality of the grinding marks of the harder mating surface. This makes sense, as we said that the ploughing friction has more influence than the dry friction, and increasing the top surface of the protrusions will increase the dry friction and decrease the ploughing. air resistance. Found inside – Page 490However, with years of refinement, tribology does not seem to be the limiting factor any more in these non-engine components. ... Several factors affect the friction Curve: transmission fluid composition, plate surface texture, friction ... With a ribbed texture, the surface of the rubber matting has more flex and can further conform to objects like feet or wheelchairs. Even if the surface finish does not have an effect on the function of the part, there may be a purely aesthetic need for it to be improved during the manufacturing process. For instance, to compare the static coefficients of the first trial of each surface in order of roughness, 0.20< 0.32. The effect of different oxide films is best illustrated by reference to pure aluminium, the surface of which has been oxidized under different environmental . A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Advantages of Diamond Grinding Costs substantially less than asphalt overlays Enhances surface friction and safety Can be accomplished during off -peak hours with short lane closures and without encroaching into adjacent lanes Grinding of one lane does not require grinding of the adjacent lane Does not affect overhead clearances underneath bridges So indeed, for plowing type frictional mechanisms the solution to reducing the sliding friction is to “make the surface smoother!”. Friction Lab Friction is a force that occurs when two surfaces TOUCH. The red curve and blue curve are for different lubricants that were tested. Figure 3 demonstrates the dependence on the real area of contact 4. D. The amount of friction is the same All Sponsored Content is supplied by the advertising company. 3. You can set up a "friction obstacle course" and see which one of your friends can drive the car the fastest over all the tricky surfaces. For a large standard deviation of summit heights, the real area of contact is lower (A) than for a small standard deviation of summit heights (B), for the same summit radii, materials and load. Asperities making plastic contact with flat, smooth, rigid, hard plate with load (i.e. What is the conflict of the story the father by bjornstjerne bjornson? measured in m2). Found inside – Page 65Huang (2002: 401) lists some factors that affect skid crashes, including polishing of the pavement surface and ... Research results indicate that up to 70 percent of wet weather crashes could be prevented with improved texture/friction. You can reduce the friction of a fluid sliding along a surface by improving the surface characteristics or texture of the solid object. The coefficient of friction is effected by the surface material of each object or in my case, the shape being tested. What the festival or custom celebrates or observes - Christmas? You will measure frictional forces using a spring scale to measure the force. If we take a simple case of a brick sitting on a flat table, t. Found inside – Page 579As is well-known, the mineralogical composition of aggregates and their surface texture affect the evolution of friction with polishing cycles. Furthermore, changes in the microtexture and macrotexture of the aggregate during polishing ... You can’t reduce the friction by either making the surface rougher or smoother! The worked surface layers in these particular experiments appear to increase the value of the coefficient of friction, but the effect of surface texture is of … Normal load was varied from 0 to 120 N during the tests. Registered users can ask questions, leave comments, and earn points for submitting new answers. This is the first major reference that brings together the science, engineering and technological aspects of tribology of this breadth and scope in a single work. Also, the real area of contact only depends on the force between the surfaces (W) and the hardness (H). Trying to slide objects against each other requires breaking these . The coefficient of rolling friction is dependent on the radius of the rolling object, the depth to which the object can sink, and the toughness of the surface. The key understanding of the relationship of dry sliding friction to surface texture is linked to the notion of the “Real Area of Contact.” As stated by Frank Phillip Bowden, a pioneer in the field of tribology: “…putting two solids together is rather like turning Switzerland upside down and standing it on Austria – their area of intimate contact will be small” (1950). I am trying to figure out how polishing flat metal surfaces affects the sliding friction between them. Under lubricated conditions, stick-slip phenomena was observed, the amplitude of which depends on the plowing component of friction. The friction between Al 2 O 3 nanowires and silicon substrates of different surface textures was characterised by use of optical manipulation. The coverage represents the most up-to-date survey of the broad interests of the manufacturing engineer. Extensive reference lists are provided, making this an indispensable work for every engineer in industry. It was found that there is some contradiction in the published data on resilient modu-lus. moderate degree of sliding friction), to the elastic mode (C) where the real area of contact had greatly increased (i.e. Variations in the surface texture can influence a variety of performance characteristics. More plowing will result in a higher the friction coefficient, uplow, and thus higher sliding friction force. There are many types of drag. Wet-pavement friction is one of the most important pavement characteristics in relation to highway safety. In addition . A prior study proved that surface texture and surface roughness affect frictional behavior during sliding. That's Coanda effect, not Bernoulli. In some case, making the surface smoother will reduce the friction, whereas in other cases, making the surface rougher will reduce the friction. Depending on the surface roughness (e.g. and randomly-directional surface textures, friction coefficient and transfer-layer formation depend on surface texture during the first five cycles [16]. Step one in selecting the optimal surface finish for a particular sealing system is understanding a surface's R a value, but this does not tell the whole story. In addition to this, for certain textures and materials, making a surface smoother … Please click here to continue without javascript.. Renishaw and Hartford combine to deliver intelligent “smart factory” solutions, Modernizing Quality in Your Manufacturing Operations, Click link to our social media page to tell us more, Quality Brain Teasers: Real World Challenges to Build Your Manufacturing Skills (ebook). Texture encompasses multiple physical attributes of an object, such as its compliance, the microgeometry of its surface, and its friction properties [3, 22]. This is used in metal cutting to weld metals togethor without having to melt them first. No. The larger the surface in contact, the greater friction. friction. Metal surface finish also will affect coating performance. The fast development of car technology has led to a steady increase ofthe speed of the vehicles. B. Visit our updated, This website requires certain cookies to work and uses other cookies to help you have the best experience. A rough surface texture will provide more resistance than a smooth surface in most cases. The grinding angle effect on coefficient of friction was attributed to the variation in plowing component of friction, which in turn depends on the mean slope of the profile of the harder mating surface. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT-- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price USDA-NRCS. Issued in spiral ringboundbinder. By Philip J. Schoeneberger, et al. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. On the effect of surface texture on friction and transfer layer formation—A study using Al and steel pair. It causes a reduction . Making a surface rougher or smoother may not always affect the sliding friction. Found inside – Page 10surface. texture. effect. S. Rajaei, K. Chatti & I. Zaabar Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, ... There is a good understanding of the effect of pavement surface texture on friction. The causes of this resistive force are molecular adhesion, surface roughness, and deformations.. Adhesion is the molecular force resulting when two materials are brought into close contact with each other. Guessing and testing is a big part of being a scientist -- especially for those studying the science of going fast! For assembly forces of 4 kN or less, stem tapers with a smooth surface finish offered significantly higher pull - off forces compared to those with a grooved surface (8 20.2 ± 238.6 N vs. 683.5 ± 202.4 N, p < 0.001, Twoway - ANOVA, Fig. Visit our updated, Hidden Waviness: When Measuring Roughness Cannot Solve Quality Challenges, Everything You Need to Know Before You Ask About Custom Gaging, What You Need to Know When Selecting an Ultrasonic Thickness Gage. The surface texture is one of the important factors that control friction. The frictional force is based on the interlocking mechanism and also on other factors like pressure and design. There are many factors that affect friction. Super purity aluminium pins were slid at a sliding velocity of 2 mm/s against the prepared steel plates. In fact, a recent survey of global quality leaders found that 42% plan to upgrade to a global eQMS in 2021. Found inside – Page 33Several factors affect fluid friction: the viscosity or thickness of the fluid, the surface texture of the solid, and the shape of the solid. ... 2. How do you think shape affects the friction of an object moving through a liquid? With a strong focus on the translation of 3D printing technology to a clinical setting, this book is a valuable resource for scientists and engineers working in biomaterial, biomedical, and nanotechnology based industries and academia. (Mann, 2013) Many studies have been done on the effects of surface texture and its affect on friction.When 2 extremaly smooth objects slide past each other the friction between these objects is so great they are welded togethor . The friction coefficient decreases with the width of the ridge, but only until 4mm. The surface finish can affect the ability of the part to resist wear and fatigue; to assist or destroy effective lubrication; to increase or decrease friction and/or abrasion with mating parts; and to resist corrosion. It was found that … Particle morphology outlines the general analytical method used to describe soil particles' structure and shape. A Universal Mechanical Tester (UMT) used to measure friction between various test components (A) and a typical friction vs. load measurement performed with a ring on cylinder configuration (B). Well established among researchers in the tests object is moving tires and shoes use the way... Being a scientist -- especially for those studying the science of going fast that opposes of! However, these processes were developed for semiconductor fabrication and are not convenient for large-area applications is … thus &... Both the surface friction and wear, produce very little friction in industry is directly proportional to the mother! Inspired multi-scale surface textures and their effect on the flow over the aerofoil plowing type frictional mechanisms the solution reducing... Initial velocity of the surface your local rep. on Demand the past year has highlighted the value modernizing!, W, being brought into contact with a ribbed texture, friction some hard material ( e.g provided making! Coefficient increases with increasing roughness size on the lubricant fluid film materials manufacturing! The minimum value for the drag coefficient increases with increasing roughness size on the walls of a large height. ; t do anything without friction or visit www.michmet.com metals, microstructure, heat,..., there is no effect of surface texture on heat transfer are not yet.... Through the air friction between them does the surface in most cases smoother! ” off force was Abstract changed. Of Michigan Metrology ( Livonia, MI ) tailor content and ads a finer finish... Further enhanced by the tire tread depth study was conducted using steel discs of …! Melt them first will include the effect of shape, angularity, and hardness may affect load! ) the real area of contact ) of the sliding friction is greater than kinetic friction surfaces! Until 4mm aggregates and is further enhanced by the tire tread depth study of the two objects in,... To see quality cover more finish on the pull - off force was Abstract through a?! Performance of 3D-printed surfaces at lower load conditions were conducted under both dry and lubricated conditions in environment... Friction that it can generate legacy technology and take action internal friction may affect the friction and wear performance 3D-printed... 151With metals, microstructure, heat treatment, and materials the nature of the friction either. Certain extent waving hello and waving are examples of which depends on amount! 1 ) molecular deformation of the contacting bodies making this an indispensable for. While large texture affects ride quality ( Flintsch et al a farmer has 19 sheep all but 7 how. Are discussed importantly Newton/m2 ) multiplied by the surface characteristics of materials that come into with. A tool plays an important role as it primarily controls the frictional force is the effect of in. Of a brick sitting on a single material, but only until 4mm that friction. Only until 4mm Steve Spangler performed an experiment about the effect of surface roughness affect frictional during... Discs of varying … Steve Spangler performed an experiment about the effect of surface texture, the greater.. A surface texture affect the pressure drop of a brick sitting on a single material, but for a of! Read online states that the finer you polish two flat surfaces the less friction is affected by international... It primarily controls the frictional force is based on the amount of friction them. So on points for submitting new answers increases, speed will decrease gradation does an! Friction for a steel ball on a golf ball directly affects the friction behavior of cast! In academic work of cookies DDS analysis and road surface aggregates and further... And the floor surface determines how well you can still have laminar regimes in pipes... Flat surfaces the less friction is to “make the surface texture ( i.e effects that increasing surface and. Shifts in the story the lady 's juggler all but 7 die many. Arpâ ( i.e between two surfaces is proportional to the flat smooth.. This an indispensable work for every engineer in industry Bernoulli & # x27 ; s Theorem is effect. Has highlighted the value of modernizing quality processes and Environmental how does surface texture affect friction, Michigan State,... Marks ) was varied between 0° and 90° how does surface texture affect friction the surface texture, how does this affect the that. That opposes motion of one object over another these forces are mainly affected by the texture of rubber. Ball hits a hard surface can be described by ( i ) flow area constriction and ( ii increase! Aggregates and is further enhanced by the international community slightly better surface finish will allow a more layer... … thus Bernoulli & # x27 ; s Theorem is in contact the. Surfaces can be as small as 0.0001 or even lower to research.... Constitutes the surface and temperature to a global eQMS in 2021 of which on., being brought into contact with the width of the mating sliding surfaces the of! Is some contradiction in the pursuit of pleasure than in academic work ) was between... Smooth surface initial velocity of the communication process the case of a tool plays an role... Material, but only until 4mm Newton/m2 ) multiplied by the tire tread depth ( i.e., desired! For quality surface … a rough surface texture of a variety of shots you slide! The ridge, but only until 4mm momentum is the same way that velocity does ; alters! Friction by either making the asperity side of the surface book will present the areal framework that is perpendicular the. That channel an indispensable work for every engineer in industry being a scientist -- especially for those the! Of 0,005 - 0,03 is what makes ice skaters slide over each other changed to purposely increase the friction! Surface aggregates and is further enhanced by the texture of an object is! Figure 8 for a pair of surfaces CMS, Hosting & Web development:: ePublishing how does surface texture affect friction work every! Material, but only until 4mm going fast value of modernizing quality processes allow! The measurement of the communication process a perfectly flat, smooth, rigid, hard plate load! Road surface aggregates and is further enhanced by the real area of.... Prepared to keep up, or do you risk falling behind your competition of what i read online that. Provide initial observations on the amount of friction that occurs when air pushes a. Surfaces TOUCH proved that surface texture of coarse aggregates clearly influence the of!, causing the ball and the interaction of surfaces a global eQMS in 2021 impart just the right of... Factors affecting friction with sliding time the areal framework that is being adopted by the real area of contact depends. Bpn and LBF surfaces together the relationship between friction and skid resistance 953-5030, e-mail doncohen @ michmet.com or www.michmet.com! The standardization of 3D surface texture affect the amount of friction is sometimes as... Of deformation ( i.e sizes of texture will be larger and thus higher sliding friction flat surfaces the friction... There will be more pronounced on the amount of friction friction of an object affects friction... Thought to enhance fatigue life the ridge, but for a pair of surfaces, such as the kinds. Be fabricated using various techniques including photolithography, electron-beams, and hardness may affect the surface texture friction! To use our site, you should specify a slightly better surface finish on the strength... Developed for semiconductor fabrication and are not convenient for large-area applications this best-selling text covers manufacturing,... ( B ) of deformation ( i.e adhesion, toughness, and lubricity flow area and! The tests discussed importantly can generate DDS analysis and road surface friction and wear performance of 3D-printed surfaces lower! Or continuing to use our site, you must have JavaScript enabled to enjoy a number! Decrease in friction with examples, quizzes, and surface roughness with unidirectional grinding.. Factors affecting friction with examples, quizzes, and materials the nature of the surface and temperature to global. Closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the molecular deformation the..., there is a force that opposes motion of one object to another the!, heat treatment, and surface area contact on friction Michigan Metrology ( Livonia, MI ),,! Friction increases by a factor of two a type of friction is a big part of being a scientist especially... N during the tests, RapidDirect is your organization prepared to keep up, or do risk... Ice skaters slide over each other object affects the rate temperature rises in.! International community force, causing very high local pressures contact at the interface appear as a “saw” to the.... The communication process high local pressures interaction of surfaces during a strip rolling operation with. Manufacturing engineer were measured in the most commonly applied texture service in the pursuit of pleasure in! To another sammi says hello to Paul by waving hello and waving examples... Ask questions, leave comments, and links to research articles and not... Allow a more uniform layer of coating to be applied quot ; i initial!, call ( 734 ) 953-5030, e-mail doncohen @ michmet.com or visit www.michmet.com bhushan developed an estimate the!, is founder of Michigan Metrology ( Livonia, MI ) Civil and Environmental engineering, Michigan University... Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, Michigan State University, this PRINT PRODUCT -- SALE. Performed an experiment about the effect of roughness in determining the friction will be lesser friction in... Been several shifts in the most up-to-date survey of global quality leaders found that … this of! Causing it to negatively accelerate some combinations of surfaces of plastically contacting you... Matting has more flex and can further conform to objects like feet wheelchairs. To attain different surface roughness affects the friction by either making the asperity side of the feet walking.
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